Composites Product Fabrication
Composite products are fabricated by transforming the raw material into final shape using one of the manufacturing process
The products thus fabricated are machined and then joined with other members as required for the application. The complete product fabrication is divided into the following four steps:
1. Forming. In this step, feedstock is changed into the desired shape and size, usually under the action of pressure and heat. All the composites processing techniques described in Section 1.6 are in this category.
2. Machining. Machining operations are used to remove extra or undesired material. Drilling, turning, cutting, and grinding come in this category. Composites machining operations require different tools and operating conditions than that required by metals.
3. Joining and assembly. Joining and assembly is performed to attach different components in a manner so that it can perform a desired task. Adhesive bonding, fusion bonding, mechanical fastening, etc. are commonly used for assmbling two components. These operations are time consuming and cost money. Joining and assembly should be avoided as much as possible to reduce product costs.
4. Finishing. Finishing operations are performed for several reasons, such as to improve outside appearance, to protect the product against environmental degradation, to provide a wear-resistant coating, and/or to provide a metal coating that resembles that of a metal. Golf shaft companies apply coating and paints on outer composite shafts to improve appearance and look. It is not necessary that all of the above operations be performed at one manufacturing company. Sometimes a product made in one company is sent to another company for further operations. For example, an automotive driveshaft made in a filament winding company is sent to automakers (tier 1 or tier 2) for assembly with their final product, which is then sold to OEMs (original equipment manufacturers). In some cases, products such as golf clubs, tennis rackets, fishing rods, etc. are manufactured in one company and then sent directly to the distributor for consumer use.
Composite products are fabricated by transforming the raw material into final shape using one of the manufacturing process
The products thus fabricated are machined and then joined with other members as required for the application. The complete product fabrication is divided into the following four steps:
1. Forming. In this step, feedstock is changed into the desired shape and size, usually under the action of pressure and heat. All the composites processing techniques described in Section 1.6 are in this category.
2. Machining. Machining operations are used to remove extra or undesired material. Drilling, turning, cutting, and grinding come in this category. Composites machining operations require different tools and operating conditions than that required by metals.
3. Joining and assembly. Joining and assembly is performed to attach different components in a manner so that it can perform a desired task. Adhesive bonding, fusion bonding, mechanical fastening, etc. are commonly used for assmbling two components. These operations are time consuming and cost money. Joining and assembly should be avoided as much as possible to reduce product costs.
4. Finishing. Finishing operations are performed for several reasons, such as to improve outside appearance, to protect the product against environmental degradation, to provide a wear-resistant coating, and/or to provide a metal coating that resembles that of a metal. Golf shaft companies apply coating and paints on outer composite shafts to improve appearance and look. It is not necessary that all of the above operations be performed at one manufacturing company. Sometimes a product made in one company is sent to another company for further operations. For example, an automotive driveshaft made in a filament winding company is sent to automakers (tier 1 or tier 2) for assembly with their final product, which is then sold to OEMs (original equipment manufacturers). In some cases, products such as golf clubs, tennis rackets, fishing rods, etc. are manufactured in one company and then sent directly to the distributor for consumer use.
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