Functions of Fibers and Matrix
A composite material is formed by reinforcing plastics with fibers. To develop a good understanding of composite behavior, one should have a good knowledge of the roles of fibers and matrix materials in a composite. The important functions of fibers and matrix materials are discussed below.
The main functions of the fibers in a composite are:
• To carry the load. In a structural composite, 70 to 90% of the load is carried by fibers.
• To provide stiffness, strength, thermal stability, and other structural properties in the composites.
• To provide electrical conductivity or insulation, depending on the type of fiber used.
A matrix material fulfills several functions in a composite structure, most of which are vital to the satisfactory performance of the structure. Fibers in and of themselves are of little use without the presence of a matrix material or binder. The important functions of a matrix material include the following:
• The matrix material binds the fibers together and transfers the load to the fibers. It provides rigidity and shape to the structure.
• The matrix isolates the fibers so that individual fibers can act separately. This stops or slows the propagation of a crack.
• The matrix provides a good surface finish quality and aids in the production of net-shape or near-net-shape parts.
• The matrix provides protection to reinforcing fibers against chemical attack and mechanical damage (wear).
• Depending on the matrix material selected, performance characteristics such as ductility, impact strength, etc. are also influenced.
A ductile matrix will increase the toughness of the structure. For higher toughness requirements, thermoplastic-based composites are selected.
• The failure mode is strongly affected by the type of matrix material used in the composite as well as its compatibility with the fiber.
A composite material is formed by reinforcing plastics with fibers. To develop a good understanding of composite behavior, one should have a good knowledge of the roles of fibers and matrix materials in a composite. The important functions of fibers and matrix materials are discussed below.
The main functions of the fibers in a composite are:
• To carry the load. In a structural composite, 70 to 90% of the load is carried by fibers.
• To provide stiffness, strength, thermal stability, and other structural properties in the composites.
• To provide electrical conductivity or insulation, depending on the type of fiber used.
A matrix material fulfills several functions in a composite structure, most of which are vital to the satisfactory performance of the structure. Fibers in and of themselves are of little use without the presence of a matrix material or binder. The important functions of a matrix material include the following:
• The matrix material binds the fibers together and transfers the load to the fibers. It provides rigidity and shape to the structure.
• The matrix isolates the fibers so that individual fibers can act separately. This stops or slows the propagation of a crack.
• The matrix provides a good surface finish quality and aids in the production of net-shape or near-net-shape parts.
• The matrix provides protection to reinforcing fibers against chemical attack and mechanical damage (wear).
• Depending on the matrix material selected, performance characteristics such as ductility, impact strength, etc. are also influenced.
A ductile matrix will increase the toughness of the structure. For higher toughness requirements, thermoplastic-based composites are selected.
• The failure mode is strongly affected by the type of matrix material used in the composite as well as its compatibility with the fiber.
1 comments:
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